In March and April 1945, the fighting had reached the Achterhoek region. Those who were there to witness the events can still remember vividly, what it was like to hide in the cellars whilst the war raged overhead. The noise, the fear, the smell the low lighting from the carbide lamps the lack of space and the prayers. These traumatic experiences left a lasting mark on each and every one of them.
Operation Market Garden
In September 1944, Operation Market Garden failed to achieve its goal, and the allied advance came to a standstill in the area around Arnhem and Nijmegen. For months, the area was terrorised by heavy bombing, floods and artillery fire. Large-scale evacuation was the result, and many people were killed on both sides, including a great number of civilians. The frontline however, did not move. The allies faced a difficult task: moving north from Nijmegen into the Betuwe region, which had been flooded by the occupying forces, and
in the east, the Siegfried Line. This was one of the most important lines of defense built by the German Reich and it was blocking their advance.
Rhineland Offensive
The allies had to find a way of breaking the German defense line. In February 1945, the Rhineland Offensive was launched from the area around Nijmegen. After heavy fighting, the allies succeeded in conquering the area in Germany to the west of the Rhine. At the end
of March, they managed to cross the Rhine and continue their advance. Part of the army made its way back across the Dutch border into the Achterhoek region to liberate this eastern-most corner of the Netherlands.
The Easter Sunday
The Easter Sunday of 1945 fell on the 1st April. On this day, the fighting around the town of Zeddam had reached its peak. The civilians that had stayed behind in the local farms, hid in bombshelters and cellars with their families, shoulder to shoulder with refugees and other people in hiding. There was little room to move.
